Science Homework Help

Question 1

When OSHA does not have a standard that applies to a specific industry hazard it is not uncommon for OSHA to cite the General Duty Clause in issuing a citation against a given employer. In doing this, OSHA often uses existing consensus or industry standards as evidence of hazard recognition and feasible hazard abatement. Please discuss the appropriateness of this approach. Use examples and/or sources to support your arguments.

Your journal entry must be at least 200 words. No references or citations are necessary.

Question 2 (Part 1)

Discuss the various types of air contaminants, specifically particulates and gases, which you or other employees are exposed to on a daily basis, and what types of engineering control measures have been implemented to reduce or eliminate these exposures. (Example: welding fumes-zinc, iron oxide, etc. are controlled by local exhaust).

Your journal entry must be at least 200 words. No references or citations are necessary

Question 2 ( Part 2)

Instructions

Overview of the Projects in each unit

In this course, you are asked to prepare a Comprehensive Report as the Final Project, which is made up of various scenarios throughout each unit. Each unit (i.e., units II through VIII) contains a scenario for you to solve and to provide recommendations. By the end of the course, you are asked to collect all of the individual responses from each scenario and to insert them into a Comprehensive Report as the Final Project.

The theme or setting for each project

You are employed by Be Safe Consulting, Inc. (BSCI), as an entry level safety consultant. You report directly to Bob Sanders, the supervising Certified Safety Professional (CSP). For the last two months you have been assigned to conduct a comprehensive safety evaluation for Acme Manufacturing Co. Based on the observations, calculations, and recommendations in Unit II through Unit VIII prepare a Comprehensive Report to Bob Sanders, who will, in turn, use this information to prepare a final report to Acme Manufacturing Co. Board of Directors. While the Board of Directors may be looking for detailed business impacts, Bob Sanders is looking for a detail of potential employee hazard exposures and your recommendation rationale (calculations, observations, and/or regulation).

Ventilation Report

You are employed by Be Safe Consulting, Inc. (BSCI) as an entry level safety consultant. You report directly to Bob Sanders, the supervising Certified Safety Professional (CSP). BSCI has been contracted by Acme Manufacturing Co. to conduct a study to determine employee exposures to various particulates and gases. In addition, your company has been contracted to determine if the current ventilation systems that are in place are adequate to protect employees from an over exposure to these chemicals. After conducting a field assessment, prepare a written report that Bob Sanders can utilize to prepare a final comprehensive report for the Board of Directors. During your field investigation, you find the following field observations:

Welding Room

The company has six welding booths, or areas that are partitioned only for the use of welding curtains. The booth is open to mixing in the front and top. The company is worried about the welder’s exposure to iron oxide (PEL 10 mg/m³). For a valid sample, you must have a minimum of six hours of sampling (The remaining two hours of the work day is considered to be equal to or less than the sampled exposure. As a result of your air sampling over an eight-hour time period (i.e., the work schedule), you receive the following analytical report:

Name	Location	Conc. 1	Time 1	Conc. 2	Time 2	Conc. 3	Time 3
Anne Welding	Booth #1	4.3 mg/m³	150 min.	3.7 mg/m³	150 min	2.2 mg/m³	240 min
Frank Worldly	Booth #2	2.1 mg/m³	180 min	2.8 mg/m³	120 min	3.1 mg/m³	240 min
Jim Young	Booth #3	1.7 mg/m³	205 min	1.25 mg/m³	125 min	1.03 mg/m³	150 min
Betty Johnson	Booth #4	12.8 mg/m³	165 min	11.2 mg/m³	72 min	9.8 mg/m³	123 min
Jack Jones	Booth #5	7.8 mg/m³	190 min	14.2 mg/m³	149 min	8.8 mg/m³	140 min
Joey Apperton	Booth #6	3.9 mg/m³	155 min	4.6 mg/m³	90 min	2.1 mg/m³	46 min

Based on this information, determine the employee’s actual exposure to iron oxide, whether the samples were valid, and if not, why? Show your work either in the report or as an appendix.

During further evaluations of the welding booths, you determine that each booth utilizes a local exhaust system to remove the iron oxide and other contaminants prior to mixing with the breathing air. You take the following measurements:

Location	Air Velocity (fpm)	Work distance from exhaust opening (in inches)	Duct Diameter (in inches)	Flow Rate (cfm)
Booth #1	683	18	8	Unknown
Booth #2	Unknown	16	8	12,375
Booth #3	710	16	12	Unknown
Booth #4	184	26	8	Unknown
Booth #5	Unknown	22	8	9721
Booth #6	Unknown	18	12	11421

After taking the air samples for employee exposures to iron oxide, then measuring and calculating the performance of the local exhaust ventilation (paying particular attention to the specifics), what recommendations would you make to reduce the employee’s overexposure, if any, to the ventilation systems?

Hazardous Materials Storage Area

As part of your assessment, you have been asked to evaluate and determine if the hazardous materials storage area has adequate ventilation. In addition to the federal requirements, Acme’s insurance carrier requires that they have a minimum of 12 air changes per hour. In your evaluation, you collect the following information:

Area Width (ft.)	Area Length (ft.)	Area Height (ft.)	Ventilation Supply #1 (volume-cfm)	Ventilation Supply #2 (volume-cfm)
22	30	14	874	993

Determine if the current hazardous materials storage area is adequate and meets the requirements of Acme’s insurance carrier. What recommendations would you make to correct the discrepancies, if any?

Foundry Room

Acme has a foundry room, which is nearing the point of being outdated in terms of engineering controls. For example, one employee stands near an operation that has a canopy hood exhaust and routinely puts his face in the flow of the hood, causing him to inhale particulates and gases that are directly being drawn into the hood. Part of your evaluation is to make a recommendation for a new type of exhaust system. Which one would you recommend, and why?

Respond to the details in each section, and format your report in APA style. Include at least each of the following in your report for this unit:

• Introduction-briefly describe why the studies were performed (why you started the study).
• Report details-briefly discuss the details of the scenario (what you found from the study).
• Conclusions and recommendations-briefly describe your recommendations based on your findings (what you recommend to resolve any deficiencies).
• Appendix-Measurements and calculations (show your work).
• At least one page (double-spaced) in length (not including the reference appendices).

Prepare your report in a word-processing application (i.e., Word) using APA formatting for all references and in-text citations.