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Create a 9 pages page paper that discusses utopian literature through the time of world war ii. This research will begin with the definition of utopia, by the very sense of the word, is the fantasy of a non-existent society and it could not have crept into literature as far it did without the help of its pivotal device called ‘science fiction’, which, in the words of Darko Suvin, is characterized by ‘cognitive estrangement’. Understandably, the literature produced through the period of World War II and after was more dystopian in nature than utopian, considering the pessimism generated (by the events in the contemporary world) among intellectuals giving rise to the portrayal of degraded societies as in H. G. Wells’s “The Time Machine“. Often, the pessimism manifested in the title itself like Chad Walsh’s From Utopia to Nightmare (1962), “New Maps of Hell“ by Kingsley Amis and “The Future as Nightmare: H. G. Wells and the Anti-Utopians“ (1967) by Mark Hillegas. Utopian literature, its suggestive nature notwithstanding, is interesting only because it reflects mankind’s worst fears at a crucial point in history and not because it contains anything that has the potential to make the world a better place. The dystopian predictions of doom by a host of writers, from John Brunner to Margaret Atwood, never came true. It is worth recalling here, however, that Ray Bradbury’s apprehension (that television would kill books) in his 1953 iconographic work “Fahrenheit 451“, was not entirely misplaced.