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I need some assistance with these assignment. the negative effects of alcohol on family: phenomena of alcohol Thank you in advance for the help! Alcohol can have genetic influences on the members of a family when the consumption of alcohol is made by the mother during the pregnancy. However, the consumption of alcohol by the father can also have genetic influences on children, especially when the father consumes high quantities of alcohol on a regular basis. The above issues have been extensively examined in the literature and empirical research. Referring especially to the effects of maternal consumption of alcohol and its genetic influences of children, Grekin et al. (2005) noticed that ‘paternal alcohol use disorders (AUDs) may be associated with child executive functioning and Family stress, which may, in turn, lead to child delinquency’ (Grekin et al., 2005, 14). As for the effects of alcohol consumption by the mother, the results of researchers seem to vary. At a first level, it has been found that ‘alcohol ingestion up to moderate levels in pregnancy was not associated with deficits in either weight or head circumference (HC) at birth or at 5 years’ (O’Callaghan et al., 2003. 137). However, it is made clear by the above researchers that the alcohol consumption when it is combined with smoking can lead to problems in pregnancy – but this is rather a result of the simultaneous development of these activities: alcohol consumption and smoking. On the other hand, it has been revealed that alcoholism – like other diseases – can be related to specific genetic characteristics of individuals. A potential relationship with other diseases has been also identified. An indicative example is the case of schizophrenia – a disease that has been found to be genetically associated with alcoholism.