Economics homework help
Economics homework help. Name/section:
1 AS-AD
Consider the following AS-AD model. Please note that I have given you the AD curve explicitly
and simplified many of the expressions you saw in lecture and previous HW (i.e. no z, I already
solved for the relationship between unemployment and output, etc.).
Aggregate demand:
Y = 200 − 10P
Wage setting relationship:
w = P
e
(1 − u)
Price setting relationship:
P = 1.1w
Output and the unemployment rate:
u = 1 −
Y
110
1. Derive the AS curve.
2. Solve for the medium run equilibrium output and price level.
3. Suppose P
e = 30. Do you expect P
e
to rise or fall? Solve for the equilibrium price and
output level when P
e = 30.
4. Suppose P
e = 6. Do you expect P
e
to rise or fall? Solve for the equilibrium price and output
level when P
e = 6.
2 European Competition Law
When new European Union member countries join the EU they become subject to the European
Union competition law – a law that regulates anticompetitive behavior and keeps markets within
Europe more competitive.
1. What effect will this have on the new member county’s natural rate of unemployment? Provide a graph supporting your answer.
2. What effects will joining the EU have on the new member’s prices and output? Provide a
graph to support your answer.
3. Do you expect higher or lower inflation after the country joins the EU? Explain your answer.
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3 IS-LM and Excess Reserves
Consider the following IS-LM model with a banking system:
Consumption:
C = 10 + 0.5YD
Investment:
I = 0.4Y − 100i
Government expenditure:
G = 5
Taxes:
T = 10
Money demand:
Md
P
=
Y
i
In periods of financial turmoil, banks often choose to hold excess reserves above and beyond what
they are required to hold by law. We shall denote the proportion of deposits held as excess reserves
as ρ and the required reserve ratio as θ. Suppose that consumers hold 37.5% of their money as
currency (c = 0.375) and the required reserve ratio is 20% (θ = 0.2). The banking system is then
described by:
Demand for reserves:
R
d = 0.2Dd + ρDd
Demand for deposits:
Dd = (1 − 0.375)Md
Demand for currency:
CUd = 0.375Md
Demand for central bank money (Hd
) is the total amount of currency being demanded plus the
total demand for reserves. Suppose the price level is P = 1.
1. Suppose that that banks do not wish to hold excess reserves (ρ = 0) and that the supply of
central bank money is H = 500. Solve for the money multiplier and the overall money supply.
Explain/show your work.
2. Solve for equilibrium output and the equilibrium interest rate when H = 500.
3. Suppose that banks start holding 8
15 of their deposits as excess reserves (ρ =
8
15 ). Solve for
the new equilibrium output when H = 500. HINT: Overall money will be a whole number –
don’t round when calculating the new money multiplier. Output and interest rates will not.
4. Provide an IS-LM graph that demonstrates what happens to the general equilibrium when
banks increase their holdings of excess reserves. Label all curves, points, and shifts clearly.
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4 Investment Subsidies
This problem considers the mortgage interest deduction – a U.S. tax incentive program to encourage
residential home ownership (an investment subsidy). Provide an IS-LM graph that explains what
might happen to the macroeconomy if the government eliminated this investment subsidy. Clearly
label all curves, points and axes and explain any shifts that are occurring in your graph.
5 Greek Debt Crisis
As a member of the Eurozone, Greece was/is unable to conduct it’s own monetary policy. Instead,
Eurozone monetary policy is set by the European Central Bank in Frankfurt. Suppose that Greece
is facing a recession and wants to boost output.
1. What type of government policy would you suggest to boost output? Provide an IS-LM graph
with a clear explanation of what you are suggesting.
2. How would the government fund such a policy?
3. What are some of the longer term implications of Greece using this approach to stabilizing
output?
6 Energy Prices in an AS-AD Model
Consider the following AS-AD model where Y is real output, N is the number of employed workers,
E is the amount of energy resources used in the economy, pE is the price of energy, w is the nominal
wage, P
e
is the expected price level, P is the price level, u is the unemployment rate, U is the
number of unemployed workers, L is the size of the labor force, and z is our catch-all variable for
other labor market conditions. NOTE: be careful to distinguish energy prices pE from
expected aggregate prices P
e
Production function:
Y = N
1
2 E
1
2
Wage Setting relationship:
w = P
e
z
u
Price setting relationship
P = (1 + m)w
1
2 p
1
2
E
Unemployment rate:
u =
U
L
Unemployment level:
U = L − N
1. Let x = pE/P be the real price of energy. Derive an expression for the real wage in the price
setting relationship as a function of the markup and the real price of energy x.
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2. Will the natural rate of unemployment change if the real price of energy goes up? If so, how?
If not, why not? Show your work.
3. Derive the AS curve as a function of m, x, Pe
, z, Y, E, and L. Show your work. HINT: it will
help to start with your real wage expression from part 1).
4. Suppose that the economy starts off in medium run equilibrium. Provide an AS-AD graph
that demonstrates the effects of an increase in the real price of energy. Clearly label/explain
all curves, points, shifts, etc.