English Homework Help

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Define the term “schema,” and give two examples of a schema, one in the world at large and one in an educational or classroom context. Compare and explain the difference between helping students build a new schema and using existing schemas to help conceptual and skill growth.    

     A schema is a cognitive framework or concept that helps organize and interpret information. Schemas can be useful because they allow us to take shortcuts in interpreting the vast amount of information that is available in our environment(Gagne, Wager, Golas, & Keller, 2005). However, these mental frameworks also cause us to exclude pertinent information to focus instead only on things that confirm our pre-existing beliefs and ideas. Schemas can contribute to stereotypes and make it difficult to retain new information that does not conform to our established ideas about the world. An example of a schema is when a student goes on a field trip to the zoo and has already had the experience of going to the zoo knowing what to expect when they get there. The student knows that the zoo will have alligators, bears, and tigers because of their prior knowledge of the zoo. An example of schema in the class would be having students recall the multiplication factors that they learned last year. 

Define the terms “ability” and “trait” and explain how these terms are related to different learners.  Please use the text or another credible source to define these terms (cite your sources) and then explain them in your own words with an example.  

     Ability is the quality or state of being able to power or perform, whether it be physically, morally, intellectual, conventional, or legal.  Ability measures a capacity that spans the border between reason and feeling. Abilities that can be can be assessed tend to be stable characteristics of each human. Trait measures include a very large array of non-cognitive abilities related to success, such as self-control. “The aspect of human performance, such as abilities are also persistent over relatively long periods and are not readily influenced by instruction”(Gagne, Wager, Golas, & Keller, 2005)  An example of ability is being able to read. A trait that I have is being very patient when you a four-year-old who is full of energy you have to be patient.