Science Homework Help

Chapter 90

   1.    Two main reasons for the resurgence of TB are

______HIV__________________ and ___ drug-resistance strains of the organism______________________.

   2.    A definitive diagnosis of TB is made by ________Skin Test _______________ and ________________________.

   3.    Infection with a resistant organism can be acquired in two ways: _____________ and __________________.

   4.    What is the prime directive regarding treatment? ______________________________________

   5.    Which two drugs are almost always included in the treatment regimen? __________________ and __________________

   6.    ____________________ is the treatment of choice for latent TB.

   7.    The most common adverse effect of isoniazid is _________________________.

   8.    An adverse effect unique to rifampin is ________________.

   9.    Pyrazinamide is ______________________ to M. tuberculosis.

10.    The adverse effect of ethambutol is ________________________.

Chapter 91

   1.    ________________ is the drug of choice for preventing anthrax in people who have inhaled anthrax spores.

   2.    Because of the risk of _____________________, ciprofloxacin is not recommended for children younger than 18 years of age.

   3.    Ciprofloxacin is the only systemic _______________________ approved for pediatric use.

   4.    Absorption of oral ofloxacin is reduced by cationic substances, such as ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, and ________________.

   5.    Ciprofloxacin can increase plasma levels of ______________________, ______________________, and ______________________.

   6.    Ofloxacin elevates plasma levels of warfarin but has little effect on levels of ______________.

   7.    Fluoroquinolones pose a risk of ___________________ that may be moderate or severe.

   8.    ___________________ is a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone indicated for respiratory infections such as community-acquired pneumonia.

   9.    ___________________ is used for protozoal infections and infections caused by obligate anaerobic bacteria.

10.    _______________________ is used primarily for tuberculosis.

Chapter 92

   1.    The opportunistic mycoses include ______________, ______________, ______________, and ______________. The nonopportunistic mycotic infections include ______________, ______________, ______________, and ______________.

   2.    Much of the toxicity of amphotericin is attributable to the presence of __________________, principally ________________, in mammalian cell membranes.

   3.    __________________________ is the drug of choice for most systemic mycoses.

   4.    Amphotericin B is toxic to the ______________________________.

   5.    The combination of _______________ with a relatively low dose of amphotericin can produce antifungal effects equivalent to those of a high dose of amphotericin alone.

   6.    _________________ is an alternative to amphotericin B for the treatment of several systemic mycoses.

   7.    Compared with amphotericin B, the current first-choice drug for invasive aspergillosis, ________________, is equally effective and poses a much lower risk of kidney damage.

   8.    Because the development of resistance is common, ________________ is almost always used in combination with amphotericin B.

   9.    Effective topical agents for the treatment of thrush include ____________, ____________, and ____________.

10.    The drugs used most often for oral therapy of onychomycosis are ____________ and ____________.