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Biology Senior Biology Question
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Unit 2: Genetics
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- Describe the phases of the cell cycle.
- List in order the four stages of mitosis and the changes that occur during each stage.
- Summarize the events of each of the three checkpoints of the cell cycle.
- Identify the substance that makes up genetic material.
- Draw the shape of DNA molecule.
- Describe the steps of DNA replication.
- Compare the process of DNA replication in prokaryotes and in eukaryotes.
- Describe the process of gene expression including transcription and translation.
- List the kinds of mutations.
- Relate the possible kinds of mutations to their effects.
- Generalize the ways that gene expression can be regulated.
- Differentiate between the genotype and the phenotype of an organism.
- Distinguish between homozygous and heterozygous genotypes.
- Explain how probability is used to predict the results of genetic crosses.
- Use a Punnett square to predict the results of monohybrid and dihybrid genetic crosses.
- Give examples of dominant and recessive genetic disorders.
- Analyze pedigrees to identify patterns of inheritance.
- Discuss exceptions to Mendel’s inheritance (codominance and incomplete dominance)
- Summarize the effect of the environment on gene expression.
- Summarize the use of genetic engineering to manipulate DNA.
- Describe the use of restriction enzymes in genetic engineering.
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Unit 3: Change over time
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- Describe Darwin’s relationship to modern evolutionary theory.
- Outline Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection.
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- Describe how genetic variation and change can be measured.
- Restate the Hardy-Weinberg principle in your own terms.
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Unit 4: Ecology
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- Describe the difference between an ecosystem and a community
- Explain how an ecosystem responds to change.
- Interpret food chains and food webs in terms of interaction of organisms through different trophic levels and flow of energy.
- Describe how energy flows in an ecosystem.
- Describe the difference between a herbivore, a carnivore, and an omnivore.
- Analyze the effects of biotic and abiotic factors on ecosystems dynamics.
- Explain how carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and phosphorus cycled through an ecosystem.
