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Biology Senior Biology Question

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Unit 2: Genetics

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  • Describe the phases of the cell cycle.
  • List in order the four stages of mitosis and the changes that occur during each stage.
  • Summarize the events of each of the three checkpoints of the cell cycle.
  • Identify the substance that makes up genetic material.
  • Draw the shape of DNA molecule.
  • Describe the steps of DNA replication.
  • Compare the process of DNA replication in prokaryotes and in eukaryotes.
  • Describe the process of gene expression including transcription and translation.
  • List the kinds of mutations.
  • Relate the possible kinds of mutations to their effects.
  • Generalize the ways that gene expression can be regulated.
  • Differentiate between the genotype and the phenotype of an organism.
  • Distinguish between homozygous and heterozygous genotypes.
  • Explain how probability is used to predict the results of genetic crosses.
  • Use a Punnett square to predict the results of monohybrid and dihybrid genetic crosses.
  • Give examples of dominant and recessive genetic disorders.
  • Analyze pedigrees to identify patterns of inheritance.
  • Discuss exceptions to Mendel’s inheritance (codominance and incomplete dominance)
  • Summarize the effect of the environment on gene expression.
  • Summarize the use of genetic engineering to manipulate DNA.
  • Describe the use of restriction enzymes in genetic engineering.

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Unit 3: Change over time

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  • Describe Darwin’s relationship to modern evolutionary theory.
  • Outline Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection.

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  • Describe how genetic variation and change can be measured.
  • Restate the Hardy-Weinberg principle in your own terms.

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Unit 4: Ecology

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  • Describe the difference between an ecosystem and a community
  • Explain how an ecosystem responds to change.
  • Interpret food chains and food webs in terms of interaction of organisms through different trophic levels and flow of energy.
  • Describe how energy flows in an ecosystem.
  • Describe the difference between a herbivore, a carnivore, and an omnivore.
  • Analyze the effects of biotic and abiotic factors on ecosystems dynamics.
  • Explain how carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and phosphorus cycled through an ecosystem.